Your Go-To Guide to Combination Padlocks

Combination padlocks are a keyless way to secure small or personal items such as luggage or toolboxes, or shared spaces where multiple people need access. And, when it is more convenient to have code access instead of issuing multiple physical security keys.

If you’re fitting these locks internally or externally, in a private property or commercial facility there are some things you should know. In this guide we’ll take you through:

• Parts of a padlock

• How to open them

• How to reset the code – step by step

• Troubleshooting padlocks

• Changing a padlock

By choosing a lock with a combination you’ve selected a product that provides flexibility and adaptability but ONLY if you know how to reset the code. This is why we’ve created a short video as part of our Tool Box Talk series to help you with this. Keep reading to find out more.

Understanding the parts

Let’s start at the beginning – the parts of the product.

The externally visible parts of a padlock are fairly basic, with three main components:

Shackle – the protruding part at the top of the unit that is looped through a hasp and staple, security chain, or bolt. The shackle can be open or closed, have different diameters and lengths. 

Shackles can be fixed or removable depending on the model. They can be made of different materials including flexible options like braided steel cable. On rare occasions, you may also find “shackleless” padlocks that have a completely concealed shackle, hidden within and protected by the body.

Body – options for different sizes, shapes, finishes, materials, security levels, and locking mechanisms. Here though, we focus on combination locking.

Whether marine grade stainless steel, aluminium, or brass, the body is the element that houses the locking mechanism, and both ends of the shackle when it is in the locked position.

Combination dials – common variants have 3, 4, or 5 dials which can be on the main part of the body, along one edge, or underneath on the bottom of the lock. The greater the number of tumblers, dials, or wheels, the greater the security due to the number of code options. It is worth noting that the composition of the body and shackle are also factored into the overall security level.

How to open a padlock with combination

To undo a combination padlock, you need the correct access code. There are no two ways about it. Once you have this, follow these basic steps:

Step 1: Align the first dial to the first digit of the code.

Step 2: Rotate the second dial to the second digit.

Step 3: Rotate the third dial (and the fourth or fifth dial if present) to the relevant digits.

Step 4: Pull the body and shackle in opposite directions.

Step 5: Rotate them away from each other. This then gives you the clearance to remove the lock from the hasp, bolt, or chain that it is securing. 

A tip from our MLA Locksmith - some models may require the shackle to be depressed slightly once the code has been entered to allow it to open.

How to reset a combination padlock

Had a change of staff? Has the existing code been compromised? Regularly changing codes for additional security? Whatever the reason you need to amend the existing code on a coded padlock, let us take you through the steps.

To demonstrate exactly how to change the numeric code, we are using a four-wheel ABUS 158/50 padlock. It has a die-cast zinc body, and hardened steel shackle which is double locking. This 50mm model is recommended to secure items at an average risk of theft, and of a medium value. The 8mm shackle is open or “high” so is ideal to use in conjunction with an ABUS 100 hasp and staple, or their 110 and 300 models.

Step 1: Enter the preset code to open the padlock.

Step 2: Locate the reset screw on the bottom of the unit.

Step 3: Insert a flat head screwdriver and turn the screw 90°.

Step 4: Set the dials to your chosen combination.

Step 5: Turn the screw back 90° to set your new code.

Now close the padlock and randomize the dials. This small action prevents unauthorized users opening the padlock if the access code is left in alignment.

Once you’ve reset the combination and checked it works, make a note of the new code. Ensure it is passed to the relevant person/people who need access. 

Another tip from our locksmith – don’t make a visible note of the code anywhere near the padlock itself e.g. on the gate post next to the gate it’s securing. This defeats the object of having a combination lock as anyone can gain access.

Padlock troubleshooting

If the padlock doesn’t open:

Issue 1: Incorrect code – ensure all of the digits have been entered in the correct order. Unlike some digital access control keypads, the access code must be entered in order.

Issue 2: Stuck or jammed mechanism – apply PTFE or graphite powder lubricant to loosen the moving parts. Regular maintenance should be carried out on all locks to ensure their smooth, continued operation. See our maintenance tips below for details. 

Issue 3: Misalignment of dials – they have to line up precisely otherwise the internal locking mechanism will not release and allow the shackle to be removed.

Common problems and their solutions

• Forgotten Combination

As an end user if you have forgotten the code there isn’t anything you can do short of cutting the padlock shackle, rendering it unusable. With cheaper locks this can often be the most cost effective option – purchasing bolt cutters and a new padlock - when comparing it to the call out charges of a qualified locksmith.

Professional locksmith services will have the knowledge and tools to rectify lockout issues due to forgotten codes. So, depending on the quality and brand of your lock, this may be the better option than forcible removal. 

• Locked Out After Reset

If the new code doesn’t work, see above – it’s the same situation as if you’ve forgotten the combination.

• Maintenance Tips

To keep your padlock functioning smoothly they require regular maintenance. The main element of this is lubrication. Location and condition dependent, this could range from every two weeks to every couple of months. 

Manufacturers recommend avoiding oil based lubricants in favour of lighter alternatives like silicone based, dry graphite powder, or white lithium grease on less intricate mechanisms. 

For combination locks, lubricate the following parts:

• Wheels/dials

• Shackle arms

• Shackle holes

• Adjustment screw hole/release button (as relevant)

Once lubricated, animate the moving parts, so turn the wheels and rotate the shackle to distribute the lubricant through all mechanical elements.

Always follow manufacturer, brand, or model specific guidance on both the type of lubricant and regularity of maintenance to best protect your locking products.

Changing a Padlock

If your padlock is past its best and needs replacing, or you are upgrading or changing security or access there are a few things to consider when changing your locking mechanism as it will need to meet both practical and security needs.

For a shutter, cabinet, gate, vehicle, or cabinet, bear the following in mind when looking to change your padlock:

1. Shackle diameter – what size shackle will the current hasp accommodate? Is it compatible with existing hardware and comparable to the previous padlock?

2. Shackle design – do you need open, closed, extended, flexible, or hidden? Check the required horizontal and vertical clearance.

3. Location – is it being fitted internally or externally? Is it at ground level or in an exposed area so in need of increased corrosion resistance or dust protection?

4. Users – consider the number of users and differing access rights. 

5. Usage – will it be used frequently so you need a more heavy duty robust mechanism?

6. Security level – have an awareness of applicable standards and certification, insurance requirements, and security features such as pick/drill resistance, or anti-tamper models. Does it need to be Sold Secure or CEN rated?

7. Type of locking – standard key (which could be keyed to differ, keyed alike, or master keyed), code/combination, fingerprint or biometric locking.

8. Future proofing – do you need a body that has a replaceable cylinder core, phone access, or remote unlocking for universal multisite access?

9. Transition – what needs to change to accommodate the new padlock? The fixings, accompanying locking device, or any staff communication and training on the new product?

10. Cost – is it within agreed budgets? Consider a greater investment now, the lifetime costs, and any warranty or guarantees associated with a more premium product.

11. Usability – is it easy and comfortable to use, has an accessible user interface, and accessible for all intended users?

12. Aesthetics – does the finish, design, and size tie into the rest of the project, facility, or physical security system?

By considering these factors, you can select a padlock that meets your current security needs like integration into an existing master key system, while accommodating potential future requirements such as site expansion or additional staff.

Upgrading your locking mechanism is a critical step in enhancing security, and careful selection paired with regular maintenance will ensure that your new padlock performs reliably and efficiently time and time again. 

Combination padlock security

New or existing, you now know the parts of a combination padlock, how to open one, and crucially, how to reset the combination code. And, when it comes time for replacement, some of the many factors to consider when choosing a new lock for your gate, storage unit, cupboard, or even your bicycle.

Our padlock range includes fingerprint and standard key locks as well as hasp and staples. Don’t see what you need or still need some help? You can always contact our customer services team for more information and assistance with any of our door locks and security products [email protected] or 01305 263300