Types of Door Locks: A Comprehensive Guide to UK Locks

Posted on: 24.11.2023
Categories: DCD News
Lots of different door locks laid out on table

Have you ever wondered what secures every door in the UK? Then look no further than our introductory guide to over 25 types of common locks and locking mechanisms. 

Whether you're new to the field or just keen to broaden your understanding, welcome to a guide that demystifies the everyday door locks found across the UK. From the simplest latch to digital and electronic locks, we cover the whole range.

Below, we take you through a clear, basic breakdown of each type of popular lock. Ideal for facility managers in training, budding building contractors, or anyone with an interest in construction and door hardware, this guide is your first step into a world where each lock is a piece of the puzzle in creating safe, functional spaces. 

Form and Function

Before we delve into the types of door locks let us explain how we’ve broken them down.

Firstly, you’ll see locks by function - sashlocks for use with door handles, standard night latches used with a rim cylinder and cylinder pull, deadlocks for extra security, that kind of thing.

Secondly, we take you through locks by type - cylinder and lever, how they are fitted - morticed or rim mounting, and where you might fit them - doors, gates, and windows. 

Lastly, you’ll find some details on accessories and secondary locking products to complement different types of locks. So what are you waiting for, let’s dive in.

Table of Contents - Door Lock Types

Lock Functions

  • Sashlocks
  • Deadlocks
  • Bathroom Locks
  • Door Latches
  • Nightlatches
  • Escape Locks & Panic Hardware

Lock Types

  • Cylinder Locks & Barrels
  • Lever Locks
  • Mortice Locks
  • Rim Locks
  • Multi-Point Locking Systems
  • Cupboard Locks
  • Digital Push Button Locks
  • Electric Locks
  • Smart Locks
  • Gate Locks
  • Window Locks
  • Padlocks
  • Rebate Kits
  • Additional Security Features

There will always be anomalies; specialist security locks installed on high security premises, bespoke lockcases on historic, period properties, or an obsolete lock that has no direct replacement. This introductory guide unlocks the basics, and there are a lot of them. Let’s discover the vast world of door locks – your comprehensive directory to understanding the essentials in UK lock types.

Lock Functions

 SashlockSashlocks

  • Two bolts - a deadbolt thrown by a key or turn, and a latch bolt retracted by door handles or door knobs
  • Lever lock mechanism or cylinder operation
  • 8mm handle follower
  • Cut out for lever key or cylinder aperture
  • Latch bolt can be a beveled bolt or roller bolt
  • Upright and horizontal variants
  • Surface mounted or mortice options
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available

 

Lockcase Dimensions

 DeadlocksDeadlocks

  • One bolt - straight shooting for side hung doors
  • Claw or hook dead bolt for sliding and pocket doors
  • Doors operated by a pull handle
  • Can be installed with a separate latch and door handles
  • Lever lock mechanism or cylinder operation
  • Cut out for lever key or cylinder aperture
  • Upright and horizontal variants
  • Surface mounted or mortice options
  • Different backset and case sizes available
  • Double locking options for extended bolt throw

 Bathroom LocksBathroom Locks

  • Two bolts - a deadbolt thrown by a thumbturn, and a latch bolt retracted by door handles or door knobs 
  • Upright and horizontal variants
  • Lift to lock accessible models including Radar locks
  • 8mm handle follower
  • 5mm thumbturn follower (usually)
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available
  • Lockcases are mortised into the edge of the door

Surface mounted bathroom locks are uncommon but are available from some UK brassware manufacturers. Typically, a vacant/engaged indicator bolt, similar to a cubicle fitting, would be rim mounted to thin bathroom or WC doors.

 Door LatchesDoor Latches

  • One beveled latch bolt operated by lever handles or door knobs
  • Surface mounted or mortice latch options
  • Upright and horizontal variants
  • Varying case sizes - DIN standard, large case, small case
  • Tubular latches and tubular deadbolt options (for bathrooms)
  • Choice of backset sizes for use with different door furniture
  • Not a security product and is not used to lock the door
  • A latch holds the door closed into the frame whilst providing free and easy access

Nightlatches Nightlatches

  • One beveled latch bolt
  • Rim mounted and mortice options
  • Various backset and finishes available
  • Rim nightlatches 
  • Open the door using an integral lever
  • Integral or replaceable rim cylinder
  • Deadlocking function
  • Snib hold back
  • Used in conjunction with a 5 lever deadlock on residential properties
  • Mortice nightlatches
  • Require separate operating furniture
  • Various cylinder profiles
  • Medium to heavy duty use 

Escape LockEscape Locks & Panic Hardware

  • Two bolts, similar to a sashlock
  • Morticed into a pocket within the door 
  • Different backset and case sizes available
  • Various cylinder profiles
  • Provides single action egress in the direction of escape

For escape locks fitted to the surface of the door, install panic hardware tested to either BS EN 1125 or BS EN 179. If you want to find out more about where panic hardware is required, head over to our blog. 

Lock Types

Cylinder Locks & Barrels

 Cylinder LockCylinder Locks

  • Common in timber, metal, and uPVC doors
  • Sashlock, deadlock, escape, and nightlatch models
  • Deadbolt operated by a replaceable cylinder barrel
  • Latch bolt (where applicable) operated by lever handles
  • Various cylinder profiles
  • Upright and horizontal variants
  • Surface or mortice options
  • Different backset and case sizes available

 Cylinder BarrelCylinder Barrels

  • Replaceable without changing the entire lock mechanism
  • Different lengths to suit a variety of door thicknesses
  • Versatile locking solution - keyed alike and master keyed options
  • Standards
  • DHF TS007:2014 BSI Kitemarked 1-star or 3-star
  • Tested to BS EN 1303: 2015
  • Differing security platforms to suit all requirements
  • Patents for added protection
  • Keys - restricted profiles and sections
  • Features include: anti-pick, anti-drill, anti-bump, anti-twist, anti-screw, anti-snap
  • Double, single, and thumbturns 
  • A variety of profiles to suit different cylinder locks

Euro cylinder locks are the most common but oval, rim, and threaded profiles are to be found in most facilities. Curious to know more? Watch our Toolbox Talk video below that explains the different types of cylinder profiles. 

Replacing an existing cylinder barrel lock? You’ll need to know the overall size and whether it is an even split or asymmetric. Check out our handy cylinder measuring guide below, which can also be found in our product catalogue

 How to measure cylinders

When calculating the length of cylinder required ensure you factor in the depth of the handle backplate or escutcheons being used. They can add up to 10mm on either face of the door. 

Lever LocksLever Locks

So called because of their internal mechanism, lever locks feature between 2 and 7 levers but the most common are 3 lever and 5 lever locks.

 3 Lever Lock3 Lever Locks

  • Ideal for internal doors
  • Low security, more for privacy in bathrooms or bedrooms
  • Sashlock and deadlock variants
  • Upright and horizontal options
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available

5 Lever Lock5 Lever Locks

  • Suitable for external doors
  • Higher security
  • British Standard approved (BS 3621)
  • Sashlock and deadlock variants
  • Upright and horizontal options
  • Horizontal 5 lever locks are not BS 3621 insurance rated
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available
  • Deadlocks installed with nightlatches to provide a second locking point
  • Available keyed alike
  • Additional keys and rim length keys available for thicker doors

Mortice LocksMortice Locks

Mortice door locks are recessed into a cut out or pocket within the body of the door. The minimum thickness required for a timber door to cut in a lock would be 35mm. Otherwise, the lockcase would be too close to the sides of the door and would be prone to attack.

  • Sashlock, deadlock, escape, latch, bathroom, and nightlatch models
  • Lever lock mechanism or cylinder operation
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available

Upright lockUpright

  • The case is taller than it is wide
  • Sashlocks have the handle follower above the keyway or cylinder aperture
  • Narrow profiles to suit aluminium and glazed doors

Horizontal LockHorizontal

  • The lockcase is wider than it is tall
  • Horizontal sashlocks have the handle follower and keyway/aperture on the same horizontal plane
  • Typically used with door knobs in period properties on timber doors
  • Lower security

Specialist LockSpecialist Application

A variety of specialist locks are available including:

  • Fire brigade locks
  • Sliding door locks
  • Accessible bathroom locks
  • Metal door locks
  • Escape locks

These mortice door locks are classed as specialist as they’re not commonly used. This could be due to an unusual function that is required or an uncommon type of door.

If you’re ready to get more in depth, read our blog: What is a Mortice Lock and How to Measure One. The article will guide you through lockcase terminology, dimensions, and how to measure a door lock. This is a perfect, quick read if you’re replacing an existing lock and need to find a close or exact match for retrofitting. 

Our Toolbox Talk video below: Lockcase Terminology Explained is also another great next step on your lockcase journey.

Rim LocksRim Locks

  • Surface mounted to the face of the door
  • Often used for additional security in conjunction with a mortice lock
  • Sashlock, deadlock, latch, nightlatch, and bathroom lock variants
  • Typically horizontal with the keyway and follower in line
  • Installed to thinner doors that cannot accommodate a mortice lock or latch
  • Often lower security
  • Insurance rated rim nightlatches are available like the Yale PBS1
  • Lever lock mechanism or cylinder operation (sash and deadlocks)
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available

Multi Point LockMulti-Point Locking Systems

  • Multiple locking points secure the door
  • Commonly found in residential entrance doors
  • Suitable for timber,  uPVC, and composite doors
  • Rim/surface and mortice options available
  • Lever lock mechanism or cylinder operation
  • Different backset, centre, and case sizes available
  • Most commonly lever handle operated
  • Locked by lifting the door handle or by cylinder 
  • Bolts can be beveled, hook, or sliding ‘mushroom’ style protrusions

There is a huge variety of multipoint locks or espagnolettes on the market, with some suitable for windows. There are many measurements to check when replacing an existing multipoint door lock or suitable door handles, so contact our team today if you need advice or guidance on selecting the right product for your job. 

Mortice multi-point door locks are higher security compared to rim mounted espagnolettes. Surface espag bolts are more for aesthetics in high end residential spaces and can be combined with insurance rated locks for additional security.

Cupboard LockCupboard Locks

  • Low-tech and traditional or modern electronic, cupboard locks come in all shapes and sizes.
  • Traditional brass - cut, mortice, rim mounting options
  • Maglocks for higher security
  • Digital cabinet and locker locks for convenience and multi-person access
  • Suitable for timber and metal doors
  • Key, cylinder, or code operated

Borg Digital Lock on door

Digital LockDigital Push Button Locks

  • Mechanical and electronic models available
  • Surface mounted
  • Entry level access control
  • Access via a preset code
  • Suitable for internal and external use
  • Light to heavy duty applications
  • Single and double sided digital locks
  • Lever or knob operation
  • Holdback and key override functions
  • Mortice latch options with different backsets
  • Models to suit panic hardware to provide outside access

Electric LockElectric Locks

An essential part of any access control system, electronic door locks are available in many shapes and sizes with different functions and fitting applications. Electric lock types include:

  • Maglocks
  • Electric strikes
  • Solenoid bolts and solenoid locks
  • Shear locks
  • Motor locks

This is a huge area within itself so if you want to explore electronic door locks as a side quest, begin with A Comparison Guide to Electric Door Locks.

Smart LockSmart Locks

  • Often installed in private residences or multi-occupancy buildings
  • WiFi or Bluetooth models
  • Controlled via smartphone, card or fob, biometrics, or keypad
  • Real-time alerts
  • Lower energy consumption
  • Includes nightlatches, cylinders, and padlocks

Gate LockGate Locks

  • Surface mounting and mortice options
  • Manually operated and electronic variants
  • Single and double throw models
  • Locks for timber and metal gates

Gate locks have as many, if not more options than electric locks. A gate can be secured with a simple surface mounted slide bolt, or a double sided digital keypad lock. To determine the right model for your facility you’d need to consider multiple factors, some of which include:

  • Location of the gate
  • Security level required
  • Material and construction
  • Exposure to weather conditions
  • Access rights

Window LockWindow Locks

  • Models to suit top and side hung casements, fanlights, and sliding sashes
  • Locks to restrict opening as well as lock casements shut
  • Keyless and key operated options
  • Finish options to match existing window hardware
  • Locks can be integral within the casement stay or casement fastener
  • Models to suit timber, UPVc, composite, and metal windows

Window restrictors don’t always lock the window in addition to restricting opening. Take a look at the Jackloc range of products for simple yet effective ways of safeguarding your property and its users.

Padlock on gate

PadlockPadlocks

Padlocks are a versatile, transportable locking option for small personal items like luggage, up to external access gates, or even vehicles. Used to hold together a hasp and staple, or two ends of a security chain, padlocks have a number of features:

  • Weatherproof models
  • Insurance rated options
  • Apertures for replaceable cylinder cores (various profiles)
  • Keyed alike or master keyed
  • Key, code, or biometric operation
  • Different security ratings
  • A variety of shackle diameters and lengths
  • Light to heavy duty use
  • Materials from brass to stainless steel
  • Fixed or removable shackles
  • Key retaining function

The three most common types of padlock are:

Open Shackle PadlockOpen Shackle Padlocks

  • Versatile but more prone to attack as the shackle is exposed
  • Standard, flexible, and long shackle models
  • Key, code, or even fingerprint padlock options

Closed Shackle PadlockClosed Shackle Padlocks

  • Less exposed shackle, harder to tamper with
  • Used for higher value portable items e.g. motorbikes
  • Used to secure external shutters
  • Larger, heavier duty

Combination PadlockCombination Padlocks

  • Keyless, operated by a code
  • Open or closed shackle models
  • Perfect for multi-person use items e.g. toolboxes

Rebate KitRebate Kits

  • Used with a multitude of mortice lock types
  • Installed on pairs of rebated external doors
  • Model and brand specific rebate kits
  • Different size and finish options
  • Rebates for sashlocks, deadlocks, and door latches

Additional Security Features

Whether you’re looking to bolster your security by adding an additional locking point to your external doors or providing easier access to your front door, there are a range of secondary security products available.

The most common additions to a residential entrance door are:

Door BoltDoor Bolts

  • Surface mounted sliding bolts
  • Mortice door bolts - key operated or manually thrown flush bolts
  • Key or code locking models
  • Different lengths and finishes of bolts available
  • Low to high security options like the B151 Barza bolt

Door ChainDoor Chains

  • Allows door to open partially to identify visitors
  • Models to suit timber, composite, and UPVc doors
  • Finishes to complement existing door hardware

Door ViewerDoor Viewers

  • Used to identify who is outside
  • Internal and external use
  • Residential and commercial use
  • Finishes to match existing ironmongery
  • Options to suit different door thicknesses
  • A variety of vision angles
  • Models for fire rated doors
  • Commonly called a peephole or spyhole

CCTV CameraCommercial Security

Often less obvious physical security solutions, not fixed to the door itself include:

  • Shutters
  • CCTV surveillance
  • Alarms

Early warning systems, barriers, and other safety measures all provide additional defense for your facility over and above a physical door lock but they still play a vital role in the protection of your built environment. 

Final Considerations

This guide aims to provide you with an understanding of the various types of door locks commonly found in the UK. The right lock can significantly improve your property's security. So, make informed choices based on your unique requirements.

The type of door lock you choose will depend on various factors:

  • Type, material, and construction of your door
  • Security and access requirements
  • Functionality
  • Finish and appearance
  • Compatibility with existing door hardware and security systems
  • Users and their needs

If you want to continue on this journey or exploration remember you can check out our YouTube channel for more helpful Toolbox Talks videos and browse our online range of door locks and security products 24/7.

Our team is on hand to answer any and all of your questions and queries on locks, access control, and door hardware so get in touch today:

T: 01305 263300

E: [email protected]

Author: Louise Frost Posted by: Louise Frost

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